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Political Will For Renewable Energy

Our analysis strongly suggests that the costs of WWS(Wind,Water,Sun) will be competitive with traditional sources. Meanwhile, certain forms of energy WWS will be significantly more expensive than fossil energy. Some combination of WWS, subsidies and carbon taxes, therefore, be necessary for a while. One type of production premium Feed-inTariff (FIT) to cover the difference between the cost of generation and the wholesale price of electricity is particularly effective in helping new renewable technologies. Combining FIT with an auction sale to lower prices, in which the right to sell power to the system is granted to the lowest bidders, provides continuing incentive for WWS developers to lower costs. As this happens, FITs can be reduced gradually. FITs have been implemented in a number of large European countries and in some U.S. states and have been quite successful in stimulating solar energy in Germany.



 Taxing fossil fuels or use to reflect their ecological damage also makes sense. But at least the fossil energy subsidies, such as tax benefits for exploration and extraction, should be removed to level the match. A misguided promotion of less desirable alternatives such as agricultural subsidies and biofuels production, should end because it delays the implementation of clean energy systems. Meanwhile, the development of appropriate policies by lawmakers must find ways to resist pressure to be produced by the currently established energy industries.


 Finally, each nation must be willing to invest in a robust transmission system solid, and long distance that can transport large quantities of WWS power from remote regions where it is often greater, such as in the U.S. Great Plains in the caseof the wind, and the case of desert Southwest for solar energy,to the consumption centers, usually in cities. Reducing consumer demand during peak periods also requires an intelligent network that give to the generators and consumers much more control over the use of electricity for hours.
 


Large scale wind, water and solar energy system reliably, can  provide the world's needs significantly, which will benefit the climate, the air quality, water quality, ecology and energy. As we have shown, the obstacles are primarily political, not technical. The combination of the FIT and incentives to service providers to reduce costs, eliminating subsidies to fossil fuels and a smart grid sufficiently enlarged, could be enough to ensure rapid deployment. Of course, changes in the power system and transportation industries will originate  the investments in infrastructure that will be compensated with time.
 


 But with sensible policies, countries could set a goal of generating 25 percent of its new power supply with WWS sources in 10 to 15 years and almost 100 percent of the new supply in 20 to 30 years. With more aggressive policies could theoretically withdraw all existing fossil fuel capacity and replaced in the same period, but in a more modest, probably full system replacement, into non-fossil, can last between 40 to 50 years. Either way, clear leadership is needed, or nations continue using technologies promoted by industries rather than those promoted by scientists and other researchers and environmentalists.
 


A decade ago, it was not clear that global WWS system would be technically or economically viable. Having shown that it is possible, we hope that world leaders have political will for renewable energy and can learn how to make this project WWS politically feasible. They can start by committing to achieve  reduction emissions targets to curb the  climate change and promote green technologies and make the renewable energy feasible.

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Renewable energy as cheap as coal

The renewable energy WWS (Wind, Water, Sun), combination and usage in the plan would provide reliably the residential sector, and the commercial, industrial and  transportation sector too. The next question is: would  be profitable to make the change, compared to the current system of fossil fuels? 
 For each technology is calculated how much cost  each producer to generate and transmit energy through the network. Is included the annualized cost of capital, lands, operations and maintenance, energy storage to compensate for deviations of intermittent supply, and transmission. Today the cost of wind energy, hydro and geothermal are less than seven 7 cents per kilowatt-hour (¢ / kWh), while marine and solar energy  are higher. But from 2020 onwards are expected to wind, wave and hydroenergy  are in the 4 ¢ / kWh or less.


 
For comparison, the average cost in the U.S. in 2007 of conventional power generation and transmission, was 7 ¢ / kWh, and projections are for 8 ¢ / kWh in 2020. Wind power, for example, costs the same or less than you do from a new natural gas plant, or coal and in the future is expected that wind power is the least expensive of all options. The competitive cost of wind currently has made it  ¡ the second largest source ! of new electricity generation plants in the United States during the past three years, behind natural gas and ahead of coal.



The solar energy, as photovoltaic  as well solar thermal concentration energy, is in the present, relatively expensive, but now is clean and efficient energy and it will be competitive by 2020. A careful analysis performed by Vasilis Fthenakis Brookhaven from National Laboratory indicates that within 10 years, the costs and adventages of photovoltaics energy could be placed about 10 ¢ / kWh, including long-distance transmission and storage cost compressed air to use at night. Similarly, analysis of the estimates of solar thermal systems with enough thermal storage to generate electricity 24 hours a day in the spring, summer and fall, indicating that it could provide electricity to 10 ¢ / kWh or less on that date.

 

Transportation in a environment WWS world will be determined by batteries or fuel cell , so we  should compare the economics of these electric vehicles with vehicle internal combustion engine. Detailed analyzes made ​​by one of  (Delucchi) and Tim Lipman of the University of California, Berkeley, said that mass production of electric vehicles with advanced batteries of lithium ion or  nickel metal hydride batteries, could have a cost per mile or km along his life (including battery replacements), comparable to the gasoline vehicle, when gasoline is sold at more than $ 2 per gallon.



When taking into account the so-called external costs (the monetary value of damage to human health, the environment and climate) of fossil fuels in transportation; the WWS technologies are even more competitive.The overall construction cost of a WWS system would be around $ 100 billion worldwide, in 20 years, not including the  transmissions costs. But this money is no distributed among all governments and consumers. Besides this investment is repaid through the sale of electricity and energy.And once again we must remember that if we depend on traditional sources, would suppose going from 11.5 to 16.9 TW, requiring thousands more of these plants, at a cost of about $ 10 billion, not to mention tens of billions of dollars more in health, environment and safety.The new plan and renovator of WWS gives to world a new, clean and efficient energy instead of an old, dirty, and inefficient energy system.


In the next article we will continue with Political will for renewable energy

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Sustainability Renewable Energy

A new energy infrastructure must provide energy at least as reliable as the existing infrastructure. WWS(Wind,Water,Sun) technologies generally suffer less downtime than traditional sources. Coal plants in the USA are on average 12.5% year offline for scheduled and unscheduled maintenance. Modern wind turbines have a down time of less than 2 percent on land and less than 5% offshore.

Photovoltaic systems also are stop less than 2 percent. Furthermore, when a wind turbine, solar or  inverter is not working, only a small part of the installation is affected and its loss is a small fraction of production; moreover when a plant loses the connection; a  gas natural plant   or coal, or nuclear, this makes it loses a large part of the production.

One of the major problems facing energy supply systems is the difficulty and cost of storing energy during periods of low demand for use during peak demand, this is especially relevant in the case of renewable energy, so that they can be a realistic alternative to the energy obtained from conventional fossil fuel. For example, wind turbines depend of the existence of wind, a certain intensity, to produce energy, but the wind does not understand of demand seasonal or rolling load, so there are situations in which the electrical production exceeds the demand and others in which the opposite occurs. This also applies to a greater or lesser degree, to other renewables energies.


  The main challenge of the WWS, is that the wind does not always blow and the sun does not always shine in a particular location. Intermittent problems can be mitigated by a smart balance of sources, such as generating base with geothermal energy and tidal wave energy or energy storage. The wind energy is often abundant at night when there is no sun, or the sun during the day when may be no wind. Sometimes a reliable source like hydropower can connect or disconnect quickly to meet peak demand or reduce supply. Also in case of having pumping can be stored.

Another example of green energy technology is wind parks that are only 100 to 200 miles away can compensate zero hours of power from other wind parks where there is no wind. Also useful is the interconnection of geographically distant sources that can support one another, installing smart electric meters in homes that automatically recharge electric vehicles when demand is low or delivering electricity to the grid when they are loaded and stopped.

In the next article we will continue with Renewable energy as cheap as coal



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